Coffee vs. Tea! Health Benefits of Coffee: Parkinson’s Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, Heart Health, Liver Cancer and Obesity

Health benefits of drinking coffee

Some potential health benefits associated withTrusted Source drinking coffee include protection against type 2 diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, liver disease, and liver cancer. Coffee consumption may also support cardiovascular health. The sections below cover these benefits in more detail.

Coffee and diabetes

Coffee may help protect against type 2 diabetes. In 2022, researchers who gathered data on over 48,000 people found that those who increased their coffee consumption by at least one cup per day over 4 years had an 11% lower risk of type 2 diabetes than those who did not increase their intake.

A 2017 meta-analysisTrusted Source concluded that people who drank four to six cups of either caffeinated or decaffeinated coffee each day appeared to have a lower risk of metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes.

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Coffee and Parkinson’s disease

Various studies have suggested that caffeine, which is present in coffee and many other beverages, may help protect against Parkinson’s disease. One team concluded that men who drink over four cups of coffee per day might have a fivefold lower risk of Parkinson’s disease than those who do not.

The findings of the 2022 meta-analysisTrusted Source suggested a link between coffee consumption and a lower risk of Parkinson’s disease, even among people who smoke. This team also found that people who drink coffee may be less likely to experience depression and cognitive conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. However, there was not enough evidence to prove that drinking decaffeinated coffee helps prevent Parkinson’s disease.

Coffee and chronic liver disease or cancer

In 2019, a literature reviewTrusted Source concluded that coffee intake is likely to reduce the risk of liver cancer. Earlier, in 2018, a cohort study of a multiethnic population in the United States suggested that depending on the dose, consuming two to three cups of coffee daily reduced the participants’ risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic liver disease (CLD) by 38% and 46%Trusted Source, respectively.

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The meta-analysis from  Trusted Source also concluded that consuming any type of coffee appears to reduce the risk of liver cancer, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cirrhosis. These findings are now bolstered by a 2021 study Trusted Source suggesting that consuming all types of coffee may offer some protection against CLD.

Coffee and other liver diseases

People who consume coffee may also have a lower risk of gallstone disease.

In 2014, researchers looked at coffee consumption among people with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). These are autoimmune conditions that affect the bile ducts in the liver.

They found that people with PSC were more likelyTrusted Source to have a lower coffee intake than those without the condition. There was no evidence to suggest that coffee intake was different among people with or without PBC. Also, another 2021 study suggested a link between coffee consumption and a lower risk of dying from nonviral hepatitis-related cirrhosis. The researchers suggested that drinking two or more cups of coffee every day might reduce the risk by 66%Trusted Source.

 Coffee and heart health

The 2022 meta-analysisTrusted Source found that caffeine consumption may have at least a small benefit for cardiovascular health, including blood pressure.

In a 2021 study, researchers found that drinking three to five cups of coffee per day may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by 15%. Drinking one to five cups daily also seemed to be associated with lower overall mortality resulting from any cause.For those people who have already experienced a heart attack, drinking coffee does not appear to increase their risk of experiencing another or dying as a result.

The 2017 meta-analysis, however, also found that there may be higher levels of blood lipids (fat) and cholesterol in people who consume more coffee. These substances may predispose a person to heart problems.

Coffee and obesity

There is some evidence suggesting that consuming coffee may help people lose weight. One 2018 paperTrusted Source indicated that the more coffee the participants drank, the higher their mean reduction in weight, body mass index (BMI), and fat mass.

A 2019 studyTrusted Source suggested that drinking coffee may have a modest association with weight loss, with a greater association in men than in women. However, these results have not been replicated, so they may not be definitive.

Although coffee may provide some benefits in reducing obesity, it is not a substitute for eating a balanced diet and exercising often.

Nutritional value

One hundred milliliters (about 3.3 ounces [oz]) of regular black coffee (without milk or cream) is low in calories. That is about one typical cup of black coffee, and it only contains around 2 calories. However, adding cream or sugar will increase the calorific value.

Coffee beans also contain polyphenols, which are a type of antioxidant. Antioxidants can help protect the body against free radical damage. Free radicals are a type of waste product that the body naturally produces as a result of certain processes.

Free radicals act as toxins in the body and may cause inflammation. Scientists have found links between inflammation and various aspects of metabolic syndrome, including type 2 diabetes and obesity.

In 2018, some researchersTrusted Source suggested that the antioxidant content of coffee may offer protection from metabolic syndrome.

Although scientists can prove that certain compounds are present in coffee beans, it remains unclear what happens to them once they enter the human body.

Risks

Drinking a lot of coffee can also have some adverse effectsTrusted Source. These may include the following.

Bone fractures

Some studies have suggested that women who drink a lot of coffee may have a higher risk of bone fractures.

Men with a higher coffee intake, on the other hand, appear to have a slightly lower risk.

Complications during pregnancy

Coffee consumption may also not be safe during pregnancy. In fact, there is some evidence to suggest a link between high coffee consumption and pregnancy loss, low birth weight, and preterm birth.

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Endometriosis

There may be a higher risk of endometriosis among women who drink coffee, but there is not enough evidence to confirm such a link.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

People who drink a lot of coffee may have a slightly higher risk of this condition.

Anxiety

Consuming high amounts of caffeine may increase the riskTrusted Source of anxiety, especially among people with panic disorder or social anxiety disorder. Less commonly, caffeine may trigger mania and psychosis in those who are susceptible.

Mental health conditions

One study from 2016Trusted Source concluded that a high intake of caffeine during adolescence could lead to permanent changes in the brain.

The scientists behind the study expressed concern that this could increase the risk of anxiety-related conditions in adulthood.

Exposure to toxic ingredients

In 2015, a group of researchers found relatively high levels of mycotoxins in commercial coffee. Mycotoxins are toxic substances that can contaminate coffee as a natural product.

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Coffee vs. tea

Both coffee and tea contain caffeine, so they may have some of the same benefits, risks, and side effects.

However, although the amount of caffeine in each beverage can depend on the type of coffee or tea, generally, one 8-oz cup of coffee contains about 95 mg of caffeine. Similar-sized cups of black and green tea contain only 48 mg and 29 mg of caffeine, respectively.

There may be some differences in the way that drinking tea and coffee may impact different people, depending on which beverage they prefer and how much of it they consume.

According to a 2018 study that compared the positive effects of coffee and tea consumption, the differences in benefits are as follows:

Type	Benefit
Coffee	Coffee may decrease the risk of mortality from heart disease and cancer, specifically in women. Coffee may also decrease the risk of respiratory mortality, specifically in men. Women who drink only coffee or up to 40%Trusted Source tea may have the lowest overall mortality from various conditions, but those who drink higher percentages of tea may have a higher mortality risk.
Tea	Tea may decrease the risk of mortality from heart disease and cancer, specifically in men. Also, men who drink 30–50% tea may have the lowest mortality risk compared with those who only drink coffee.

The overall conclusion of the study is that coffee and tea both have their own benefits depending on the quantity consumed, and these benefits may vary among men and women. The difference in impact based on sex may be related to how coffee affects sex hormones.